The "Jewish Anti-semite" is a commonly invoked pejorative appelative these days. It seems like on oxymoron: If you're Jewish, why criticize yourself? Doesn't make any sense! Come to think of it, though, I just realized that --along with all the other long-despised and utterly-shunned appelatives such as "kopher", "apikoros", "upgafurune yid, nebech", I am probably also a Jewish Antisemite.
Let me explain.
Antisemitism --the hatred of Jews-- has existed ever since the fall of the Roman Empire in the fourth century (recall that the Romans actually granted the Jews special privileges such as not having to worship Roman Gods), when Christianity was burgeoning and it resented the stubbornness of its parent-sect, Judaism, in rejecting the message of one of its own. However, the prototype for what can be called "modern antisemitism" is the movement in Western Europe in the late 19th century.
At that time, the Jews of Western and Central Europe had been "emancipated" for nearly a century and were generally given equal opportunity to Christians to engage in whatever trade they chose and live wherever they wished. This indeed led to a precipitous drop in the level of Jewish observance, appearance and culture. However, Reform Jews of the late nineteenth century still identified with their faith and attended synagogue periodically and sought to provide their children with a distinctively Jewish education, in addition to their regular education. Some Christians, however, felt that the Jews hadn't come far enough. Considering their own culture and religion superior to that of the Jews, they pondered the implication of Jews still living a lifestyle that they deemed "inferior". Is it that they are genetically incapable of anything "better"? Thus was born the movement of "racial antisemitism". It is the rejection of the Jew based on deeply-rooted, immutable racial grounds, not because of their actual practiced religion. This ideology is associated with the Eugenics movement and is also the force behind the Nazi hatred of Jews.
Now I am not devoid of any emotional drives. I do find comfort and support in the Jewish community. I often feel that Jews understand me better than non-Jews; I have an easier time communicating with people who speak Yiddish, for example, and have been raised with customs identical to mine. But I have also made it my modus vivendi to analyze, criticise and dissect every argument I come across. When I was told in Yeshiva: this is how you do it because the Shulkhan Arukh says so, I asked: But why does the Shulkhan Arukh say so? When I found the source in the Rambam, Rosh or Riph (the big three) I did not content myself but followed the trail to the Talmud and from there I eventually hopped on the bandwagon taking me all the way back to plain and simple "miqra": reading the Torah and seeking to understand it as it was originally meant to be understood. What did the author have in mind in penning those words? I would ask.
After a long, exhausting, tortuous investigation I made some shocking discoveries. It turned out that the Jewish culture, with all the laws and customs it entails, were all originally meant to aid us in establishing an optimally functioning society, nothing more. Its the tremendously powerful force of "status quo" that did the rest in shaping the Jewish religion and culture. Through the Roman-Mishnaic era, the Middle ages, and --for some Jews-- the Modern Era, the Jews simply refused to allow any modification of this long-antiquated legal and theological system. They held on tenaciously to their hand-me-downs. That, and only that is the ultimate rationale behind Judaism as a distinct religion from Christianity. Think about it: Jesus from Nazareth preached to the Jews 2,000! years ago. He urged them: Stop being silly! Sabbath was meant to be a day of relaxation and pleasure. Surely healing someone on the Sabbath accords very well with such a noble day; why should the medical practice be prohibited on the Sabbath? He also said: Cut out the bullshit! God doesn't need your "sacrifice". Do you really think that an all-powerful omnipresent God needs the fats and blood of an animal for propitiation in order to grant a worshipper his wishes? What God really wants is compassion, kindness towards the poor and upright behavior! He also said: Instead of focusing on the ritual hand-washing before meals, why not invest our energies to avoid what really defiles a man: lies, and deceit!
Book of Matthew. Not that which goeth into the mouth defileth a man; but that which cometh out of the mouth, this defileth a man. Do not ye yet understand, that whatsoever entereth in at the mouth goeth into the belly, and is cast out into the draught? But those things which proceed out of the mouth come forth from the heart; and they defile the man.
Take note also of the following passage in Matthew:
Think not that I am come to destroy the law, or the prophets: I am not come to destroy, but to fulfil. For verily I say unto you, Till heaven and earth pass, one jot or one tittle shall in no wise pass from the law, till all be fulfilled.
From this last passage we see that Jesus presented himself as a reformer. He sought to eliminate the elements of Judaism that were no longer serving a useful purpose and instead highlight those elements that did serve a purpose. He sought to augment the existing law and the essential spirit behind it by getting rid of those laws that had become detrimental to the spirit of the original law.
Accordingly, it is firm rational affirmation that Christianity is indeed a "superior" religion to Judaism. Take special note of my wording: I'm, using the comparative here. I'm not saying that in absolute terms Christianity is a valid way of life. I'm saying that despite all the problems Christianity has exhibited through the ages, it's the full package that needs to be evaluated. I know that Jews were generally more educated than Christians. I know that the Christians made up "blood libels" and ignorantly blamed the Jews for their daily woes without having any basis whatsoever (such as the plague of 1333). But remember: two wrongs don't make a right. The essential message of Christianity is in fact more valid than Judaism, from a rational perspective (considering how the religion has an observable beneficial effect on society). Negating the value of Christianity simply by invoking those millions of poor, ignorant peasants who desperately sought a scape-goat for their troubles and found the Jew as the perfectly suitable candidate -- is utterly missing the point here. The messenger does not matter; the message is what counts.
I strongly admire the courage and persistence demonstrated by the French revolutionaries in the Late 18th century. There's no question that the result of all that chaos -- the Napoleonic regime-- was a major boon for Europe. It opened up the eyes of millions of Europeans and showed them what freedom was like. It empowered the majority "third estate" (commoners) through Europe,regardless of nationality. It emphasized equal opportunity over right-of-birth --the same ideal that we have come to admire so strongly in America and what has made this country so great. But let's not forget that there is effort to be made in order to achieve success. There was no silver bullet in the Napoleonic message. Those emancipated peasants would have to work really hard to overcome centuries of prejudice in order to trump their erstwhile superiors.
Jews had been emancipated by Napoleon as well and they were expected to make the same backbreaking effort for success, just like the rest of the emancipated. Did they pass the test? Well, it depends on how you look it it! Is the glass half full or half empty? Apparently, the Christian critics of the late 19th century who advocated Racial Antisemitism believed that the Jews had failed; they hadn't done enough to utilize their liberty in order to achieve true equality in rights as well as culture. If I were to score the test I would definitely not have failed them, especially the German Jews who made monumental progress and showed great bravery in reasoning their way out of a flawed, outdated and worthless system.
Regardless of the correctness of the ideas swirling in the mind of the 19th century advocate of Racial Antisemitism, as a Jew I would have greatly welcomed such criticism. Educated people know that being criticized is a good thing. It prompts them to reevaluate their positions and refine their behavior and stance on the issues under discussion. It's like the aphorism that goes: stay close to your friend but be even closer to your enemy. It's the enemy that makes a person great. It's the immunities and defenses that one develops against an enemy that ultimately distinguishes the winner from the loser in the game of life. Someone who only has friends is the real loser. If I was living in 1880's Germany or Austria or France I would be very appreciative and receptive to criticism, regardless of whether it's well-intentioned or not. As a result, I would have learned to accelerate my pace towards assimilation and I would have theoretically avoided the all-out catastrophe that ensued a half-century later.
So, to repeat the question: is the Jew (who identifies as such) as a racial being inferior to the "Nordic" race? Yes! Do I hate myself? No! Do I self-criticize myself and acknowledge the painful truth that I was not born into the greatest race in the world? Yes! Does this motivate me to do something about it? Absolutely! Do I have negative feelings about my self-worth? Not at all! It is folks who refuse to acknowledge the problem who should have negative feelings about themselves! I am just playing out my hand as best as I could.
Some players are dealt pocket aces, some pocket jacks, some ace-king and some seven-deuce. I sure wish I was the one holding the aces but I'm not. I'm on a draw! It's a long shot. With some luck and gritty determination I may get there or bluff my way into winning the pot but at least I have the clarity of mind to read my own hand: It's not an AK, I need help, fast!
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Reading the "sermon of the mount", I came to the conclusion that christiansim is acutally a much stricter religion than judaism. It is also very elitist and exclusive. The thing is:
ReplyDelete1) the christian commandments are very often about things that are not easy to verify (i.e. about what a person thinks, feels etc.)
2) It was made into a majority religion, and therefore had to let go of its elitist demands (apperently, there were many disputes in the course of history, and in general the elitist, minority fraction that took the commandments seriously lost and was destroyed by their adversaries)
3) Any religion is prone to abuse the more power it has, the more abuse, and this happened often through history.
Therefore, as a result, people did in Jesus' name exactely what he was vituperating against. That's perhaps a subtle "Mida keneged mida"...
..but I suppose if he came back to the earth today, he would feel most comofortable in jewish communities, since they speak his language, etc...
Let me respond to severalof the points you made:
ReplyDelete1) You say that christianity is about things that are not verifiable. An example would be the strong emphasis Jesus placed on "faith". In Matthew 15, a Canaanite woman seeks his help to cast out a demon from her daughter. Jesus initally refuses to get involved with non-Jews but when the woman insists, Jesus says: Woman, you have great faith, your request is granted.
Point well taken. Faith is not verifiable. However, that's precisely what makes is superior to Judaism in my opinion. In Judaism the "meaning" of rote activities is utterly disregarded. Hence it's called "orthoprax"; it's about practice. In Christinaity --and even more so after Luther's reformation-- it's about faith, the underlying reason for the Biblical injuntion in the first place.
2) "It became a mjority religion and therefore had to become more lenient". Histroically, the order is reversed. Paul made a very tough decision when he ruled that circumcision would no longer be required for converts to join the church. He made this decision when Christians were a small and persecuted minority within the empire (while Judaism enjoyed official protection by Rome). In turn, this allowed millions of proselytes to join the Christian ranks who wouldn't have otherwise. In other words: Paul relaxed the rules because he realized that they were not all that important after all, especially if it would prevent a prospective convert from seeing the light.
3) About Christians being Elitist. Well, yeah, Protestant chritians in the USA are elitist after centuries of prosperity and socio-political domination. Early christians were the polar opposite of elitist. They were poor, didn't knew what they will eat tomorrow, had no posessions, wandered about and preached the gospel, had no decorated pedigree (except for Jesus himself). They were "anti-elitists". The elite back then were the Sadducees and --to a lesser extent-- the Pharisees.
No, I didn't mean "elitist" in the sense of material wealth, quite the contrary: elitist in the sense of asquese with very hard rules that only a few "chosen" people are able to follow.
ReplyDeleteAnd this is squarely the opposite of being a majority religion. Hence, as you pointed out, the dissensions between "mainstream catholicism" (or protestantism, for that matter) and small, elitist, fundamentalist groups.
"Paul made a very tough decision when he ruled that circumcision would no longer be required for converts to join the church."
ReplyDeleteIn my eyes, he made it easier for non-jewish men to join, since the hurdle of circumcision was abolished.
And as far as I understand, this decision also makes sense halachically speaking (although I do not know what halakha was like at that time): since they were not jewish, no need for them to be circumcised...
As far as the persecutions are concerned, I am not sufficiently aware of historical facts in order to decide whether what you say is true.
1. I also believe the message of jesus was superior to that of the rabbis of his time, which became the dominant trend in Judaism.
ReplyDeletebut christianity the religion is not the same as the historical jesus.
2. assimilation does not equal progress. tradition does not equal backwards. the very use of these ideas in my opinion is outdated- as is the religious faith in modernity. welcome to the post modern, multicultural world.
3. why did jews cling to their system of rituals after they no longer made sense? Rituals by definition have no practical value, but they do have symbolic value. and don't underestimate the practical power of a symbol.
symbolic of what? nowadays they are symbolic of all kinds of things, but in my opinion the jewish religion sprouted to keep the people together, and not the other way around.
and in this day and age, that's a good thing; the world is more and more a big impersonal place and we all need a tribe so they don't get lost in it.
4. why introduce race if it's religion you object to?
5. cultural continuity is good for people. cultural continuity does not preclude change.
6. would you have had a higher opinion of the Jews had they more successfully assimilated and become part of the executors of Nazism instead of its victims?
What's there to admire about the colonialism and racism of victorian europe? not to mentioned the elaborate system of proprietry which rivals the frum community.